11/16/2023 0 Comments Specific entropy![]() When a new IAV strain gains the ability to infect humans, it is usually not possible for the human immune system to respond fast enough to avoid severe infections, thus it is extremely important to monitor and predict IAV potential for transmission to humans. Transmission to humans continually remains a global concern due to IAV’s vast genetic diversity, potential for rapid evolutionary change, ability to transmit among hosts and since they are widely circulating among migrating wild aquatic birds. Conclusionsīased on these results, adjusted entropy provides a reliable and widely applicable host signature identification approach useful for IAV monitoring and vaccine development.Īs members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, influenza A viruses (IAV) are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome that are occasionally deadly to humans and have been confirmed as causes of multiple pandemics resulting in large numbers of deaths. Adjusted entropy also identifies important mutations in H1N1pdm PB2 previously identified in the literature that explain changes in divergence between 20 which unadjusted entropy could not identify. In addition, under all levels of divergence adjusted entropy never had a false positive rate higher than 9%. Simulations across different levels of sequence divergence show a false negative rate of no higher than 10% while unadjusted entropy ranged from 9 to 100%. Validation with a set of H5N1 PB2 sequences from 1996 to 2006 results in adjusted entropy having a 40% false negative discovery rate compared to a 60% false negative rate using unadjusted entropy. We thus focus on the analysis of PB2 protein sequences and identify host specific PB2 amino acid signatures. Mutations in the polymerase genes (e.g., PB2) are known to play a major role in avian influenza virus adaptation to mammalian hosts. We propose an adjusted entropy-based host-specific signature identification method that uses a similarity coefficient to incorporate the amino acid substitution information and improve the identification performance. ![]() ![]() A key computational issue in influenza prevention and control is the identification of molecular signatures with cross-species transmission potential. Influenza A viruses (IAV) exhibit vast genetic mutability and have great zoonotic potential to infect avian and mammalian hosts and are known to be responsible for a number of pandemics. ![]()
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